±q²{¥NÂå¾Ç¥i¥H²z¸Ñªº¨¤«×¤W¬Ý¡A§õ¬x§Ó¥ý¥Í©Ò¶Çªk½ü¥\¡]ªk½ü¤jªk¡^¬O¤@Ó±q¨¡]BODY¡^©M¤ß¡]MIND¡^µ¥¦h¤è±µÛ¤âªº¦Û§Ú«O°·Åé¨t¡C¦Û±q1992¦~¤¤§õ¬x§Ó¥ý¥Í¦VªÀ·|¤½¶}¶Ç±Âªk½ü¥\¡A×·Ò¤H¼Æ¨³³t¼Wªø¡C¾Ú1999¦~ªì¤¤°ê¬F©²½Õ¬dµo²{¦b¤¤°ê¤j³°¦³¤C¤d¸U¨ì¤@»õ¤H¦b×·Òªk½ü¥\¡Cªk½ü¥\¨Ã¬y¶Ç¦Ü»´ä¡A¥xÆW¤Î¨È¬w¡A¼Ú¬w¡A¬ü¬w©M¿D¬wªº¤»¤QÓ¥H¤Wªº°ê®a©M¦a°Ï¡C
¡]±µ«e¤å¡^
¤. ªk½ü¥\×·ÒÒç¯f°·¨¥i¯à¾÷¨îªºªì¨B±´¯Á
¹ï¾Ç·Òªk½ü¥\ªÌªº°·±d½Õ¬d¥u¬O±q¤@Ó°¼±³¡¥÷¦a»¡©ú¤F×·Òªk½ü¥\ªº¦n³B¡A¨ä¹ê¡A¤HÌ×·Òªk½ü¥\¥i¥H±o¨ì«Ü¦h¯q³B¡A¤U±¬O¤@¨Ç±`¨£ªºµª®×¡G
Åܱo§ó©ñÃP¡AÀY¸£²M´·¡A¨S¦³À£¤O·P¡Fºë¤O¥R¨K¡F¥h±¼§l·Ï¤Î¨ä¥¦¤£¨}²ßºD¡F¯S§O¬O³q¹L¾Ç²ß¦p¦óµ½·N¦a³B²z¤H»Ú½Ä¬ð¡A§ï¶i©M©P³ò¤HªºÃö«Y¡F±j¨°·Åé¡F§ó¥[©ú¥Õ¬O¬Æ»òºc¦¨§Aªº¡u¯u¥¿¦Û§Ú¡v¡F»{ÃѮڥ»ªº¦ÛµMªºì²z¡FÀ´±o¬°¬Æ»ò§Ú̥ͬ¡¤¤·|¦³¿iÃø¥H¤Î¦p¦ó§Q¥Î³oºØ¿iÃø¨Ó×·Ò¡F²z¸Ñºë¯«©Mª«½è¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡FP¤O©ó¦Û§Ú§ïµ½ªº¦P®Éªá¨Ç®É¶¡©M¤@¸sµ½¨}¡A¥©öªñ¤H¡A¨Ã¥B§Ó¦V¬Û¦Pªº¤H̬°¥î¡C
«Ü©úÅã¡Aªk½ü¥\׷Ҫ̻·Â÷¤F¹ï°·±d¦³®`ªº®²ß¡A¨Ã¦b×·Ò¤¤³vº¥°§C¤F¥Í¬¡À£¤O·P¡A¨¤ß¶V¨Ó¶V°·±d¡C
¦ý¬O¡A¦pªG§A°Ýªk½ü¥\¾Çû°·±d¬O§_¬O¥LÌ·Ò¥\ªº¥Øªº¡A¦^µª¥i¯à·|¥X¥G§Aªº·N®Æ¤§¥~¡G¡u¤£¡A°·±d¯q³B¥u¤£¹L¬O§ÚÌ¥\ªkªº°Æ²£«~¡C¡v
¥L̬O¦p¦óµLÀvÀò±o³o¨Ç°Æ²£«~¡H´Nºâ¹B¥Î²{¥NÂå¾Ç©Ò¯à´£¨Ñªº³Ì¦nªºªvÀø¡A¤]»Ýnªá¶O²¦¥Í®É¶¡¡A¤j¶qª÷¿ú©M·¥°ªªº¤Ñ¸ê¤~¯à¨ú±o³o¼Ëªº®ÄªG¡C§Ú̯à°÷±q²{¥NÂå¾Ç¨¤«×¡A¬Æ¦Ü¶Ç²Î¤¤°êÂå¾Ç¨¤«×±N¥¦¸ÑÄÀ²M·¡¶Ü¡H
»P°w¨b¤@¼Ë¡A®ð¥\ÁöµM¦bÒç¯f°·¨¤W¦³µÛ¯«©_ªºÀø®Ä¡A¦ý©|¥¼³Q²{¥NÂå¾ÇÅé¨t©Ò¥R¥÷²z¸Ñ©M±µ¨ü¡C°w¨b§@¥Îªº®Ú¥»¦b©ó©|¥¼¯à³Q²{¥N¬ì§Þ©Òª½±µ±´´úªº¸gµ¸¨t²Î¡A¦P¼Ë¡A¡u®ð¡v¡A¡u¥\¡v³o¨Ç¯à¶qªº·§©À¤£¯à¬°«Ø¥ß¦b§ÎºA¾Ç°ò¦¤Wªº²{¥NÂå¾Ç©Ò²z¸Ñ¡Aª`«ºë¯«©Mª«½èªº²Î¤@¡A¤ß²z©M¥Í²zªº²Î¤@¡A¤H»P¦ÛµMªº²Î¤@ªº®ð¥\×·Ò¤]¼È®É¤£³Q±q¤@¶}©l´NµÛ«¦bª«½èªº¬ã¨s¤Wªº²{¥N¬ì¾Ç©Ò»{ÃÑ¡C¥t¤@¤è±¡A¾¨ºÞ¬O½wºC¦a¡A¦ý²{¥NÂå¾Ç¤]¦b³vº¥¦a¿n²ÖµÛ¹ïºë¯«¢w¢wª«½è¡A¤ß²z¢w¢w¥Í²zªº²Î¤@ªº»{ÃÑ¡A¦Ó¥B®ð¥\¹ï©ó׷Ҫ̪º¨¤ßªº¼vÅT¤´¥i¦b²{¥NÂå¾Ç¯à»{ÃѨ쪺°ò¦]¢w¢w²ÓM¢w¢w²Õ´¾¹©xµ¥¤£¦P¼h¦¸¤Wªí²{¥X¨Ó¡A§ÚÌ´N¸Õ¹Ï±q²{¥NÂå¾Ç©M¶Ç²Î¤¤Â媺¨¤«×¨Ó±´°Q×·Ò¦bÒç¯f°·¨¼h±ªº§@¥Î¡C
1. ²{¥NÂå¾Ç¹ï©ó¨Åé»Pºë¯«ªºÃö«Y¢w¢w¨¤ßÂå¾Çªº»{ÃÑ
²{¥NÂå¾Ç«H©^¥Í²z¤ß²zªÀ·|¾Ç¼Ò«¬¡C¸g¹L6¦~ªº¹ï170ÓÖ`¦º®×¨Òªº½Õ¬d¤§«á¡A1971¦~³ìªv.®¦®æº¸Æ[¹î¨ìÄY«¯e¯f¬Æ¦Ü¦º¤`©Î³\»P¤ß²zºò±i©Îºë¯«³Ð¶Ë¦³Ãö«Y¡C±¡ºüºò±i¯à¾ÉP³\¦h°·±d°ÝÃD¦p¡G«a¤ß¯f¡Aý³Ý¡A¼ìºÅ©Ê¸`¸zª¢¡AÃþ·Àã©ÊÃö¸`ª¢¡A¬ðµo©Ê¯f¬r·P¬V¡A¥H¤Î¦³±w¤W³æ®Ö¥Õ¦å²y¼W¦h¯g¡BÀù¯g¡B·R´þ¯f¬Æ¦Ü¦Ñ¦~·ö§b¯gªº¥i¯à©Ê¡C¤£¨}ªº¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡©Ò¾ÉPªº¯e¯f¦û©Ò¦³¯e¯fªº70%¨ì80%¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦b¬ü°ê¡A¬ù10%ªº°ü¤k©M20%ªº¨k¤l¦]³¤°s¦Ó»ÝªvÀø¡C¨C¦~¬ù20¸U¤Hª½±µ¦º©ó©M°sºë¦³Ãöªº¨¤ß¥¢½Õ¡A¦p¡G¦Û±þ¡BÀù¯g¡B¤ßŦ¯f¤Î¨x¯f¡C³¤°s¤j¬ù´î¤Ö¹Ø©R¤Q¦~¡C³o¨Ç¨¤ß¥¢½Õ©Ò±a¨Óªºª½±µ©M¶¡±µªºªÀ·|»ùÈ·l¥¢¦ôp¶W¹L1¤d5¦Ê»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¬ù°ê¥Á¤H§¡600¬ü¤¸¡C¦b³oÓ°ê®a¡A1995¦~¦ôp¦³6¤d1¦Ê¸U·Ï¥Á¡A450¸U¬°«C¦~¤H¡C¨C¦~¼W¥[17¸U·sªºªÍÀù¯f¤H¡A¦Ó¥B¨C¦~¦³15¸UªÍÀù¯f¤H¦º¤`¡C80%¨ì90%ªºªÍÀùµo¥Í¦b·Ï¥Á¨¤W¡C¦b¤¤°ê¡A¤µ¤Ñ¦³3»õ·Ï¥Á¡C¤£¨}¶¼¹¡A¯Ê¥FÁë·Ò¡A¼~Æ{¤]¾ÉP¤ßŦ¯fªº¦MÀI¼W¥[¡C¾¨ºÞ¦³²{¥N§Þ³N©M°·±d±Ð¨|¡A¨C¦~¤´¦³40¸U¨ì50¸U¤H¦º©ó«a¤ß¯f[15]¡C
2002¦~4¤ë26¤éªº¡m¬ì¾Ç¡nÂø»xªº¥DÃD¬O¡u½ÆÂø©Ê¯e¯f¤§°g¡v¡C±MÃD¤¶²ÐªºÃD¥Ø´N¬O¡u¤£¶È¶È¬O°ò¦]ªº°ÝÃD¡v¡A¤å³¹½Í¨ì¡u³Ì´¶¹Mªº¯e¯f¬O³ÌÃøªvÀøªº¡A¤ßŦ¯f¡AÀù¯g¡A¿}§¿¯fµ¥µ¥¡A©Ò¦³³o¨Ç³£¬OÄÝ©ó¡u½ÆÂø¡v©Î¡u¦h¦]¯À¡v¯e¯f¡A³o·N¨ýµÛ¥¦Ì¤£¥i¯àÂk©S©ó¤@Ó³æ¤@°ò¦]ªº¬ðÅÜ©M¤@Ó²³æªºÀô¹Ò¦]¯À¡C«ê«ê¬Û¤Ï¡A¥¦Ì¨Ó·½©ó³\¦h°ò¦]¡AÀô¹Ò¦]¯À¡A®e©ö¾ÉP¯e¯fªº¤£¨}¦æ¬°µ¥µ¥¦]¯ÀªºÁp¦X§@¥Î¡K¡K¡v«¢¦ò¤½¦@½Ã¥Í¾Ç°|ªºWalter C. Willett¦b¥Lªº¤å³¹¡m¥¿Å¦æ¬°¤è¦¡©M°ò¦]ªº¬ã¨s¥H¹w¨¾¯e¯f¡n5¤¤½Í¨ì¡u¶W¹L70%ªº¤¤·¡Aµ²¸zÀù¡A«aª¬°Ê¯ß¤ßŦ¯f¡A¤G«¬¿}§¿¯f¬O¥i¥H³q¹L§ïÅܥͬ¡¤è¦¡¥[¥H¹w¨¾ªº¡K¡K¤À¤l¥Íª«¾Ç¬ã¨s¤w¸gÀ°§U¤HÌ»{ÃѨì¿ò¶Ç¦]¯À¦b¯e¯f¤Wªº§@¥Î¡A¥Dn¥Ñ¿ò¶Ç¦]¯À¾ÉPªº¯e¯f¬O¨u¨£ªº¡A¥u¦û¥DnÀù¯g©M«a¤ß¯f¤¤¤£¨ì5%¡K¡K¦b¦è¤è¤H¸s¤¤¡Aµ´¤j¦h¼ÆÀù¯g¬O¥ÑÀô¹Ò¦]¯À(¥]¬A¶¼¹©M¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡)¾ÉPªº¡K¡K[16¡A17]
¬ì¬ã¤Hûµo²{¡A»P20¦~«e¬Û¤ñ¡A§ó¦hªº¯f¤H¦b¨Ï¥Î¦w¼¢¾¯«á¯f±¡¦³¦nÂà¡C³o»¡©ú²{¥N¥Í¬¡ªººò±i©MÀô¹ÒªºÀ£¤O¥i¯à¤Þ°_¤F§ó¦hªº»P¤ß²z¦³Ãöªº¯e¯f¡CTorrey©MMiller³Õ¤h¦b¥L̪ºµÛ§@¡m¬Ý¤£¨£ªº½E¬Ì¡G±q1750¦~¦Ü¤µºë¯«¯fªº¼Wªø¡n¤¤Á`µ²¨ì¡A¡uªñ´X¤Q¦~¨Ó¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦b¤@¨Ç¤u·~°ê®a¡A½TÆwªºÃÒ¾Úªí©ú¥Ñªq³à©M±¡ºü§C¸¨¤Þ°_ªº¤HÃþ¯e¯f¦³½¯©µªºÁͶաA¬Æ¦Ü¬O³ÌÄY«ªººë¯«¯¿¶Ã¢w¢wºë¯«¤Àµõ¯g¡v[18]¡C¦b¤@¶µ°w¹ï2001¦~9¤ë11¤é¤§«á¤ß²zÀ£¤O¤ÏÀ³ªº½Õ¬d¤¤¡A¡u¢¸.¢°¢°«á®ÄÀ³¡v¶i¤@¨BÃÒ¹ê¤F³o¼Ë¤@ºØÁͶաG§Y¨Ï»·Â÷¥X¨Æ¦aÂIªº¤H¤]ªí²{¦³¹ê½è¤Wªººë¯«À£¤O¯gª¬[19]¡C¦í¦b¡uÂù¶ð¡vªþªñªºÀ³µªªÌ¤¤¡A¦³20%ªº¤Hªí²{¥X¡u«¤j³Ð¶Ë«á¿ò¯g¡v(©ÎºÙ¡G³Ð¶Ë«áÀ³¿E»Ùê¡APTSD)[20]¡C¦b¥t¤@¶µ°w¹ï988¦W°Ò«¢¹y©~¥Áªº¬ã¨s¤¤µo²{¡A©â·Ï¡B³Ü°s©M§l¤j³Âªº¶q³£¦³ÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡A¦Ó³o¥i¯à»P¤£¦Pªº¤ß²zª¬ªp¦³Ãö[21]¡C¾Ú±Ð¨|§½ªº¬ã¨sªí©ú¡A¦b¤@¶µ°w¹ï110¸U¤½¥ß¾Ç®Õ¾Ç¥Íªº½Õ¬d¤¤¡A¬ù¦³75,000¦W¨àµ£ªí²{¥X¤»ºØ¥H¤WªºPTSD¯gª¬¡A¦Ó³o¨¬¥H³Q¶EÂ_¬°ºë¯«¯¿¶Ã[22¡A23]¡C
¤Wz³o¨Ç¨¬¥H»¡©ú¤ß²z¦]¯À¡A¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡AÀô¹Ò¦]¯À¤ÎªÀ·|ª¬ªp¹ï©ó¥Í²zª¬ªpªº·¥¨ä«nªº¼vÅT¤F¡A²{¥NÂå¾ÇªºªvÀø¤â¬q¦b³o¨Ç¤è±¬O«D±`Á¡®zªº¡C±q¤Wzªk½ü¥\×·Òµ¹¤H±a¨Óªº¦n³B¤£Ãø¬Ý¥X×·Ò¦b©Ò¦³³o¨Ç¤è±¹ï׷Ҫ̳£¦³ÅãµÛªº¥¿±ªº¼vÅT¡C
2. ±q¶Ç²Î¤¤Âå¨ì×·Òªºª@µØ[25]
±q¤¤°ê¶Ç²ÎÂå¾Ç¨¤«×§ó®e©ö²z¸Ñ®ð¥\×·Ò¦b¾i¥Íªø¥Í¤è±ªº§@¥Î¡A¦]¬°³o¨Ç¥»¨Ó´N¬O¤@ÓÅé¨t¦b¤£¦P¼h¦¸ªºªí²{¡C
»P¦èÂ媺§ÎÅéÂå¾Ç¤£¦P¡A¤¤Âå¬O¤@Ó¯à¶q¤ô¥¤WªºÂå¾Ç¡C¤¤Â媺¸gµ¸¨t²Î¬O¯à¶q¬y³qªº´ë¹D¡A¤¤Â媺¤@¤Áª«½è³£«a¥H¡u®ð¡v³o¼Ë¤@Ó¯à¶q·§©À¡A¦p½Ã®ð¡B¦å®ð¡BÀç®ð¡Bºë®ð¡BŦµÆ¤§®ð¡B¸gµ¸¤§®ð¡B¤ô¨¦¤§®ðµ¥µ¥¡C¤¤Â媺¾¹©x¤]¤£¬O¤@Ó¸Ñå¾Ç¤Wªº·§©À¡A¦Ó¬O¤@Ө㦳¯S®í¥\¯àªº¯à¶q¤¤¤ß¡A¥¦³q¹L¸gµ¸»P¨Åé±q¤º¨ì¥~¡A±q¤W¨ì¤U¡A»P¨ä¨t²Î¤§¤º©M¨t²Î¤§¥~(¨ä¥¦¾¹©x¨t²Î)µo¥ÍµÛ¤dµ·¸UÁ\ªºÁpô¡A¦¨¬°¤¤Âå¾Ç¾ãÅéÆ[©Àªºª«½è°ò¦¡C¨ä°w¨b¡A±À®³¡A¾É¤Þµ¥ªvÀø¤â¬q¬Ò¬O½Õ¸`¯à¶qªº¥¢¿Å¡C¤¤ÃÄ»P¦èÃĪº¥»½è°Ï§O¤£¶È¦b©ó¨ä¤ÑµM©Ê¡Aºî¦X©Ê¡A¦ÓÃöÁä¦b©ó¨ä¼vÅTªº¬O¤HÅé¯à¶qªº¥¢¿Å¡A©Ò¥H¡A¤¤Âå¥H¥|®ð¤¨ý©M¸gµ¸ÂkÄݪº¯à¶qì«h¦Ó¤ÀÃþ¨Ï¥Îªº¡C¤¤Â媺¶EÂ_¤]¤Ï¬MµÛ¦UÓ¯à¶q¤¤¤ß(¾¹©x)©M¦UºØ¯à¶qªº½è¡B¶q¤Î¬y¦VªºÅܤơA¦p·ð®ð·ïµ²¡A®ðÆ{¤Æ¼ö¡A¤¤®ð¤U³´¡A¨x¶§¤W¤®µ¥¡C±q³oÓ·N¸q¤WÁ¿¡A¤¤Âå¾Ç§@¬°¤@Ó§¹¾ãªº¯à¶q¤ô¥¤WªºÂå¾Ç¨t²Î¡A¤£¬O¤@Ӭƻò²{¥NÂå¾Ç²´¤¤ªº¡u´À¸ÉÂå¾Ç¡v(altrernative and complementary medicine)¡A¦Ó¬O¤@Ó¤£¥i¯Ê¤Öªº¯à¶qÂå¾Ç©Î¥\¯àÂå¾Ç¡C
¨ä¦¸¡A¤¤Âå¾Ç¬O·LÆ[ªÅ¶¡ªºÂå¾Ç¡C¤¤Âå¥O²{¥N¤H§x´bªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¨ä·§©Àªº©â¶H¡C²{¥NÂå¾Ç¬ã¨sªÌ¤@¤è±³vº¥»{ÃѤ¤Â媺Á{§É®Ä¥Î¡A¥t¤@¤è±¤]¬°¨äºN¤£µÛ¡B¬Ý¤£¨£ªº²z½×Åé¨t©M°ò¥»·§©À¦Ó¤@Äw²ö®i¡C¥O¦h¼Æ¬ã¨sªÌÅå³Yªº¬O¡A¤¤Âå¾Ç¬O¤@Ó¦p¦¹½ÆÂø¦Ó§¹¾ã¡B¨t²Î¦Óºë½Tªº¯à¶qÅé¨t¡A¦Ó³o¤@Åé¨t¦s¦b©ó¤HÃþ·P©x©M·P©xªº©µ¦ù(¦UºØºë±K»ö¾¹)©|¤£¯à´ú¨ìªº§ó·LÆ[ªºªÅ¶¡¡C¤¤Âå³q¹L¡u±æ¡v¡B¡u»D¡v¡B¡u°Ý¡v¡B¡u¤Á¡v©ÒÀò±oªº«H®§«h¬O³o¤@·LÆ[ªÅ¶¡³Ìªí±ªº¤Ï¬M¡C¦b¥j¥N¡A¤H̳q¹L×·Ò¥i¥HÀò±o³zµø¤HÅé·LÆ[ªÅ¶¡ªº¯à¤O¡C¡mÂàªk½ü¡n¤¤½Í¨ì¡u¦b¤¤°ê¥j¥N¡A¤¤Âå¤j¤Ò°ò¥»¤W³£¬O¦³¯S²§¥\¯àªº¡A¹³®]«äÂä¡BµØ¦ï¡B§õ®É¬Ã¡B«óÄNµ¥µ¥³o¨Ç¤jÂå¾Ç®a¡A³£¬O¦³¯S²§¥\¯àªº¡A¦bÂå®Ñ¤W³£¦³°O¸ü¡C¥i¬O©¹©¹³o¨ÇºëµØªºªF¦è²{¦b¬O¨ü¨ì§å§Pªº¡A¤¤ÂåÄ~©Óªº¥u¤£¹L¬O¨º¨ÇÃĤè¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¸gÅ窺ºN¯Á§a¡C¤¤°ê¥j¥Nªº¤¤Âå¬O¬Û·íµo¹Fªº¡Aµo¹Fªºµ{«×n¶W¥X²{¦bªºÂå¾Ç¡C¡v
¦A¦¸¡A¤¤Âå¬O¤@Ӥߨ²Î¤@ªºÂå¾Ç¡C¤¤ÂåÁ¿¡u¤ß¬°§g¤§©x¡A¤ß¤£©ú«h¤Q¤G©x¦M¡v¡A¡u¤ßÂï«¡AªÍÂþz¡A¨xÂûî¡AµÊÂ÷N¡AµÇÂçӡv¡C¡u³ß¶Ë¤ß¡A´d¶ËªÍ¡A«ã¶Ë¨x¡A«ä¶ËµÊ¡A®£¶ËµÇ¡v¡C¦b¤¤Âå¾i¥Í¾Ç¤¤¡A¡u²M¤ß¹è¼¤¡v«h¬Oªø¹Øªº«n¯µ³Z¡C²{¥N¤¤Âå¹ïÃö©óºë¯«½dÃ¥ªº»{ÃÑ©M²z¸Ñ¤Q¤À¦³¡A±q¦Ó¨Ï¤¤Âå³ÌºëµØªº¤@³¡¥÷±o¤£¨ì¥R¥÷ªºÄ~©Ó©Mµo´¡C¦]¦¹¦b²{¥N¤¤Âå¾ÇªºªvÀø¤â¬q¤¤¡A¦¹¤è±¤]±`±`¤í¯Ê¡C³o¨Ç°ÝÃDªº²£¥Íì¦]¬O½ÆÂøªº¡C¨ä¤¤¤@Ó«nªºì¦]´N¬O¬Fªv©M·NÃѧκAªº¼vÅT¡C ¹ï¤¤Âå¾Ç¤¤¤ñ¸û¡u¥È¡vªº³¡¥÷¤£´±¥¿µø¡Aµø¬°¡uÁV²Ë¡v©Î¡u°g«H¡v¡A±q¦Ó¥¢¥h±´¯Á¬ã¨sªº¾÷·|¡C
³Ì«á¡A¤]³Ì¬°«n¡A ¤¤Âå¬O¤@ӤѤH¦X¤@ªºÂå¾Ç¡C ¤Ñ¤H¦X¤@«ä·Q¬O¤¤Âå¾Çªº°ò¥»«ä·Q¤§¤@¡C ¤HÅé¬O¤@Ó¤p¦t©z¡A¤Ñ¦³¤®ð¡A¦a¦³¤¦æ¡A¤H¦³¤§Ó©M¤Å¦¡A»»¬Û¹ïÀ³¡C¤¤Âå¹ï¥Þ¦ìªº©R¦W¡A¹ïÅ餺¦UºØ¯à¶qÅܾEªº´yz³£¤Ï¬M¤F³o¤@¯S¼x¡C¦è¤è¤HºÙ¤¤Âå¶EÂ_Å¥°_¨Ó¹³¤Ñ®ð¹w³ø¡A¥¿¬O¥Ñ¦¹¦Ó¥Í¡C
µM¦Ó¡A¤HÅ餣¶È¬Oª«½è¦s¦b¡A§ó¬Oºë¯«¦s¦b¡A¤HªºªÃ©Ê¡AµÊ®ð©M«ä·Qµ¥µ¥¡C¦b¤HÅé°·±d½dÃ¥¡A¤Hªººë¯«¥©M«h®ð¦å¶¶ºZ¡A©Ò¿×ªº¡u¤ß¥®ð©M¡v«K¬O¦¹·N¡C¦ý¬O¡A¦b¤HÅé¡A®ð¬O¤@Ó¦³¦Ó©ö·lªº¯à¶q¡A³\¦h¦]¯À³£¯à¾ÉP®ðªº»Ùê¡A¦p¡G®ðµê¡A®ðº¢¡A®ð°f¡A®ð³´¡A®ð²æµ¥µ¥¡A¥¿©Ò¿×¡G¡u®ð¤§©Ò¦Ü¡A¯f¤§©Ò¦s¡C¡v ©Ò¥H¡A¤@¤ÁªvÀø©M¾i¨¤§¹D¡A§¡¬O³ò¶µÛ¸É®ð¡A§l®ð¡A½Õ®ð¦b°µ¤å³¹¡C¦ý¬O¡A®ð²¦³º¬O®ð¡A¥¦³Ì²×¬On°IºÜªº¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦t©zªº¯à¶q«o¬O¥Ã«íªº¡C¨º»ò¡A¬JµM¤HÅé¬O¤@Ó¤p¦t©z¡A¨º»ò¡A¤HÅé¯à¶q¬°¬Æ»ò¤£¯à¥Ã«í©O¡H¦pªG¤HÅé¬O¤@Ó¤p¦t©z¡A¤HÅé¨ã¦³ºë¯«ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò¡A§ÚÌ©P³òªº¤j¦t©z¡A¬O¤£¬O¤£¶È¦³¤¦æ¡A¤®ð¡AÁÙÀ³¦³¤@Ӻ믫©O¡Hµª®×À³¸Ó¬OªÖ©wªº¡C¦pªG¤@Ó¤p¦t©z¦P¤Æ¤F¤j¦t©zªººë¯«¡A¬O§_¤]´NÀò±o¤F¤j¦t©zªº¯à¶q©O¡Hµª®×¤]À³¸Ó¬OªÖ©wªº¡C©Ò¥H¡A¤¤Âå¨ì¤F³Ì°ª¹Ò¬É´N¬O©Ò¿×ªº×¨¾i©Ê¡A²H¤Æ¦W§Q¡A²M¤ß¹è¼¤¡A¹F¨ì¡u³h½â¤£²¾¡A´I¶Q¤£²]¡AÃd°d¤£Åå¡A«ÂªZ¤£©} ¡vªº¦Ü¯u¦Üµ½©M¤j§Ôªº¹Ò¬É¡C³o¹ê»Ú¤W´N¤w¸g¶W¶VÂå¾Ç¦Ó¶i¤J¤@Ó·sªº½dÃ¥¡A§Y¡A×·Ò¡C¤@Ó¯u¥¿ªº©Ê©RÂùתº×·Ò¤èªk¥i¥HÀ°§U׷Ҫ̹F¨ì³o¼Ë¤@ºØ¹Ò¬É¡C¦¹®É¡A¤HÅé³o¤@¤p¦t©zªº¯à¶q¢w¢w®ð¡AÀHµÛ¦P¤Æ¤j¦t©zªººë¯«¯S©Ê¦ÓÂà¤Æ¦¨§ó¯Â²b¡A§ó¥Ã«íªº¯à¶q¢w¢w¥\¡A°·±dªø¹Ø«K±o¥H¹ê²{¡Cªk½ü¥\¥¿¬O³o¼Ë¤@ºØ×·Ò¤èªk¡C
¦è¤è²{¥NÂå¾Ç¤w¸g·NÃѨ찷±dªº¦h¼h©Ê©M¦h±©Ê¡A©ú½T¦a´£¥X²{¥NÂå¾Ç·s¼Ò¦¡¡G¥Íª«¢w¢w¤ß²z¢w¢wªÀ·|¢w¢w¤ßÆF¼Ò¦¡[25]¡C·í¤@Ó¤HÆF»î°·±d®É¡A¥Lªº¤ß²z©MªÀ·|¦æ¬°¥²µM°·±d¡A¥Lªº¨Å骺°·±d«K¬O¤@Ó¥²µMªºµ²ªG¡C¨ä¹ê¡A¶Ç²Îªº§¹¾ãªº¤¤Âå¾Ç©M¯u¥¿ªº×·Ò¤èªk¡A¤£¶È²[»\¤F³o¤@¼Ò¦¡¡A¦Ó¥B´£¨Ñ¤F¾ã®M¥i¦æªº¤èªk¡AÀ³¸Ó¨ü¨ì¬Ã±¤¡BÄ~©Ó©Mµo´¥ú¤j¡C
¤». Âå¾Ç½Õ¬d¹ï¥¼¨ÓÂåÀø«O°·ªº±Ò¥Ü
·í¤µÂåÀø«O°·¥i¥H»{¬°¥Dn¬O¤@ӫإߦb²{¥NÂå¾Ç§Þ³N(¥HÃĪ«¡B©ñ®g©M¤â³Nµ¥¬°¥D)°ò¦¤Wªº¥ÑÂåÀø«O°·±M·~¤Hû´£¨Ñªº¤@Ó¨t²Î¡C²{¦b¡AªÀ·|¤j²³ªºÂåÀø«O°·¹ï©ó¨C¤@Ó¬F©²³£¬O¤@Ó¨I«¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¤éº¥¨I«ªºt¾á¡C¦]¬°ÂåÀø§Þ³Nªºµo®i¡A¦b¯e¯fªºªvÀø¤W¨S¯à±a¨Ó®Ú¥»¥þ±ªºÀø®Äªº´£°ª¡A¤Ï¦Ó¤j¤j¦a´£°ª¤FÂåÀø«O°·ªº¦¨¥»¡A©Ò¥H¡A°§CÂåÀø«O°·ªº¦¨¥»¦b¥Ø«e»P´£°ªÀø®Ä¤@¼Ë¬O«nªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C¦P®É¡A¥Ø«e°ª©ùªºÂåÀø«O°·¦¨¥»¡A¤£¥iÁ×§K¦a§âªÀ·|¤Wªº§C¦¬¤J¤H¸s±Æ°£¦bÂåÀø«O°·Åé¨t¤§¥~¡C©Ò¥H¡A¦p¦ó´£°ªÂåÀø«O°·ªº¶O®Ä¤ñ¡A¦p¦ó¬°ªÀ·|ªº¦U¶¥¼h´£¨Ñ¥i¥H±µ¨ü¦Ó¥B¦³®ÄªºÂåÀø«O°·¡A¹ï©ó¥ô¦ó¤@Ó¬F©²³£¬O¤@Ó¬Û·íºnªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C¥t¥~¡A²{¥NÂå¾Ç§ïÅܤF¤µ¤Ñ¤H̹ï©ó¯e¯f©M°·±dªº²z¸Ñ¡A¤HÌ»{¬°ÂåÀø§Þ³N¶V¨Ó¶V¥ý¶i¡A¤HÌ«h¶V¨Ó¶V¨Ì¿àÂåÀø§Þ³N©MÂåÀø«O°·±M·~¤Hûµ¥¥~³¡¦]¯À¡A±H§Æ±æ©ó¬ì¾Ç©MÂå¾Çªºµo®i¯à°÷Åý¤HÄ~Äòº¡¨¬Å}¦nªº¦P®É¥i¥HÁ×§K¯e¯fªºµhW¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦b¦Û¨¤W¤U¥\¤Ò¡A¯u¥¿¹ï¦Û¤vªº°·±dt³d¡A¬Û¤Ï¡A¤HÌ«o§ó¥[©ñÁa¦Û¤v¡C
±q¤Wzªk½ü¥\×·ÒÒç¯f°·¨®ÄªGªº¯SÂI¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡Aªk½ü¥\¬°ªÀ·|´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Ó§C¦¨¥»µM¦Ó°ª®Äªº³q¹L×·Ò³oºØ¤è¦¡¹F¨ìªº¡u¦Û§Ú«O°·¡v¨t²Î¡C³q¹L×·Ò¡A¾Çû¹ï©ó¤H¥Í©M°·±d¦³¤F¤£¦P©ó«D×·Ò¤Hªº¬Ýªk¡A±q¦Ó¯à¹ï¦Û¤vªº°·±d©M¤H¥Ít³d¡A¯u¥¿¦a§ïÅܦۤvªº¦æ¬°¡C
²³æ¦aÁ¿¡Aªk½ü¥\ªº×·Ò¬O¡u©Ê©RÂùסv¡A¥Ñ¨â³¡¥÷²Õ¦¨¡G³Ì¥Dnªº¬Oשʢw¢w¤ß©Êªº×·Ò¡A§â¡u¯u¡Aµ½¡A§Ô¡v³oÓ«ü¾Éì«h³e¬ï¨ì׷Ҫ̪º¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤¡Aªk½ü¥\ªº×·Ò»{¬°¤ß©Ê¬O¹F¨ìªø¥\©MÒç¯f°·¨ªºÃöÁä¡F¦A»²¥H·Ò¥\¨Ó§ïÅܨÅé¢w¢wשR¡A¤®M¥\ªk¤¤¦³°Ê¥\¡A¯¸¼Î©MÀR¥\¥´§¤¡C
ªk½ü¥\¬O¤@Ó×·Ò¨t²Î¡A¥Ø¼Ð¬O¶W¶VÒç¯f°·¨ªº¡A¦ý¥¿¦p¤Wz½Õ¬d©ÒÅã¥Üªºªk½ü¥\ªº×·Ò¦bÒç¯f°·¨³oÓ¼h¦¸¤W¤]¥iÅã¥Ü¥X©_®Ä¨Ó¡A¦bÒç¯f°·¨³oÓ¼h¦¸¤W¥i¥H§âªk½ü¥\ªº×·Ò¬Ý¦¨¬O¤@Ó¡u¦Û§Ú«O°·¡v©Î¬O¡u¦Û§Ú´£¤É¡vªº¨t²Î¡C
¨ãÅé¤@¨ÇÁ¿¡Aªk½ü¥\ªº×·Ò¥i¥H¬Ý¦¨¬O¤@Ó¡uºë¯«©Mª«½è¦P¤@¡vªº¦h¼h±ªº¦P®É¦b¯e¯fªº¹w¨¾©MªvÀø¤W¨ã¦³¨}¦n®ÄªGªº¡u¦Û§Ú«O°·¡v¨t²Î¡C¦h¼h±ªí²{¦bÓÅé¡B®a®x©MªÀ°Ï¡A¦bÓÅé¤W¤]ªí²{¬°¥Í²z¡B¤ß²z©Mºë¯«µ¥¦h¼h¦¸¤W¡C¾Çû¹ï¦Û¤vªº°·±d©M¥Í©Rt³d¡A¥Î¡u¯u¡Aµ½¡A§Ô¡v«ü¾É¤é±`¥Í¬¡¡A¥¿½T¬Ý«Ý¤H¥Í¤¤ªº±o¥¢¡A´î¤Ö¤FµJ¼{¡F§Ù±¼¤F¤£¨}¶Ý¦n¡FµJ¼{©M¨º¨Ç¤£¨}¶Ý¦n¬O²{¥NÂå¾Ç¥i»{ÃѨ쪺²³¦h¥Dn¯e¯fªº°ª¦M¦]¯À¡C²{¥NÂå¾Ç»{ÃѤ£¨ìªº¬O¤ß²z©Mºë¯«¹ï©óÓÅé¥Í²zªºª½±µ¼vÅT¡A¦b³o¤è±¡Aªk½ü¥\¾Çû»{ÃѨì¨Ã³q¹LפߩÊÀò±o¨}¦nªº¤ß²z©Mºë¯«ª¬ºA¡C¦P®É¡A·Ò¥\¤S¥i§ïÅܨÅé¡A¦³¯f®É¥i¥H³q¹L·Ò¥\¹ý©³Òç°£¯e¯f¡AµL¯f®É¤S¥i·¥¤j¦a¼W±j¹ï¯e¯fªº©è§Ü¯à¤O¡C±q¤¤Â娤«×¤W¬Ý¡A·Ò¥\¤£¶È¥i¥H¥´³q¨Ã¥[¼e¸gµ¸¡A¦Ó¥B¥i¥H±N¡u®ð¡v³oºØ§C¼h¦¸ªº¯à¶qÂà¤Æ¦¨¡u¥\¡v³oºØ°ª¼h¦¸ªº¯à¶q¡A³o¬O¶Ç²Î¤¤Âå¤]¤O©Ò¤£¯à¤Îªº¡C
²{¥NÂå¾Ç¦b¤Ï«ä¦Û¨«]ªº°ò¦¤W¤]´£¥X¤F·sªº¡u¥Í²z¢w¢w¤ß²z¢w¢wªÀ·|¢w¢wºë¯«¡vÂåÀø«O°·¼Ò«¬¡A¥i¥¿¦p«e¤å©Òz¡A²{¥NÂå¾Ç¤£¶È¦b¹ï¥Í²z¯e¯fªºªvÀø¤W¯Ê¥F°ª¶O®Ä¤ñªº¤â¬q¡A¦b¨ä¥¦¼h±¤W¤]¨S¦³¬Æ»ò¦n¿ìªk¡A©Ò¥H¡A¥Ñ¤¤°ê¤j³°¡A¥_¬ü¤Î¥xÆW¦b1998¦~¨ì2002¦~¹ïªk½ü¥\×·ÒÒç¯f°·¨®ÄªGªº½Õ¬d¦Ó¶Ç¨Óªº«H®§¬Oȱo²{¥NÂåÀø«O°·¨t²Î¤Ï«ä¤F¡A¦P®É¡A¤]À³¸Ó¦b¤Wz½Õ¬dªº°ò¦¤W§@§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¬ã¨s¡C
°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
1.Trends in Alternative Medicine Use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a...
Eisenberg et al. JAMA.1998; 280: 1569-1575.
2.http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&cid=585&ncid=585&e=9&u=/nm/20020714/sc_nm/health_cancer_remedies_dc_1.
3.»P®ð¾D¹J(Encounter with Qi)¡A ¤j½Ã·R´Ë§B®æµ¥1985¦~µÛ
4. ¦V¾ú¥v®i¥Ü¯u¹ê - ¡u7. 20¡v¤@¶g¦~¸Ü¡u¸U¨Ò¡vhttp://search.minghui.org/mh/articles/2000/8/3/3315p.html
5. ¿E¯À´À¥NªvÀø¹ú»·¤j©ó§Q Á{§É¸ÕÅç³Q¬ðµM²×¤î(http://zhengjian.org/zj/articles/2002/7/10/16751.html)
6. ¥_¬ü235¨Òªk½ü¥\°·±d½Õ¬d³ø§i
7. Barsky AJ, Saintfort R, Rogers MP, Borus JF. Nonspecific medication side effects and the nocebo phenomenon. Jama 2002;287(5):622-7.
8. Enard W, Khaitovich P, Klose J, Zollner S, Heissig F, Giavalisco P, Nieself-Struwe K, Muchmore E, Varki A, Ravid R and others. Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns. Science 2002;296:340-343.
9. Beecher H. The powerful placebo. JAMA 1955;159:1602-1606.
10. Shapiro AK. Placebo effects in medicine,psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis. In: Bergin A, Garfield S, editors. Handbook of psychotherapy and beharior change. New York: Wiley and Sons; 1971.
11. Benson H, Epstein MD. The placebo effect. A neglected asset in the care of patients. Jama 1975;232(12):1225-7.
12Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Slingsby BT, Benson H. The placebo effect and relaxation response: neural processes and their coupling to constitutive nitric oxide. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2001;35(1):1-19.
13Walsh BT, Seidman SN, Sysko R, Gould M. Placebo response in studies of major depression: variable, substantial, and growing. Jama 2002;287(14):1840-7.
14Schweiger A, Parducci A. Nocebo: the psychologic induction of pain. Pavlov J Biol Sci 1981;16(3):140-3.
15ªk½ü¤jªk¡Ð¡Ð¨Åé¡Bºë¯«©M¤ßÆFªº¬ì¾Ç ·¨´ººÝ (Âå¾Ç³Õ¤h)
16 "It's not just the genes". Science 296, p495, April 26, 2002.
17. Walter C. Willett: Balancing life-style and genomics research for disease prevention.
Science 296, p695-698, April 26, 2002
18. Torrey EF, Miller J. The invisible plague: The rise of mental illness from 1750 to the present; 2001.
19. Schuster MA, Stein BD, Jaycox L, Collins RL, Marshall GN, Elliott MN, Zhou AJ, Kanouse DE, Morrison JL, Berry SH. A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. N Engl J Med 2001;345(20):1507-12.
20. Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, Kilpatrick D, Bucuvalas M, Gold J, Vlahov D. Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med 2002;346(13):982-7.
21. Vlahov D, Galea S, Resnick H, Ahern J, Boscarino JA, Bucuvalas M, Gold J, Kilpatrick D. Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan, New York, residents after the September 11th terrorist attacks. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155(11):988-96.
22. Goodnouch A. Post-9/11 pain found to linger in young minds. New York Times 2002 May 20.
23. AP. Post-trauma stress plagues NYC kids. MSNBC 2002;http://www.msnbc.com/news/746411.asp.
24²L½×¤¤Âå¤Î¨ä¦b²{¥NªÀ·|ªº§@¥Î(FSC-007) ·¨´ººÝµ¥
25. Lawrence M. Tierney, Jr.,Stephen J. McPhee and Maxine A. Papadakis: Current Medica
Diagnosis & Treatment 2001, McGraw-hill